What is MgO Board? A Comprehensive Guide to Magnesium Oxide Board
- JP Group MagMatrix Brand
- Jul 19
- 16 min read
MgO boards have become a revolutionary force in the building industry because of their exceptional versatility and reliability. Construction professionals are seeing these innovative materials transform both commercial and residential projects. The market shows tremendous potential, and experts project it to reach USD 1,829.78 billion by 2032.
Let's take a closer look at MgO boards. Magnesium oxide boards offer a superior alternative to traditional construction materials, including gypsum-based panels and drywall. These boards excel in MgO construction with their impressive resistance to fire, moisture, and mold. Their excellent thermal insulation properties help maintain consistent interior temperatures. The manufacturing process is eco-friendly and uses only 25 to 50 percent of the energy required for conventional materials, such as calcium hydroxide or Portland cement. This piece covers everything about MgO boards - from their composition and properties to their applications in modern construction.
What is MgO Board and How is it Made?
Magnesium oxide boards are revolutionizing modern construction by combining exceptional strength with lightweight properties. These boards differ from traditional building materials because they use natural minerals that deliver superior performance. I'll be sure to show you what makes these versatile panels unique and how they transform from raw materials into finished products.
Composition: Magnesium Oxide, Perlite, and Fiberglass
The unique composition gives MgO boards their exceptional qualities. Magnesium oxide (MgO) forms the foundation and makes up 56-58% of the board. This mineral provides the boards their core strength and fire resistance, making them stand out in construction applications.
MgO boards use one of two binding agents: magnesium chloride (MgClâ‚‚) or magnesium sulfate (MgSOâ‚„), which make up 27-29% of the composition. These salts react with magnesium oxide to create a solid, cement-like material that's remarkably durable.
Several secondary ingredients boost specific properties of MgO boards:
Perlite: This lightweight volcanic glass (3-4%) adds thermal insulation and reduces weight. Heat causes perlite to expand up to 20 times its original size, creating a porous structure that enhances the board's insulating capabilities.
Wood/Cellulose Fibers: These natural fibers (5-6%) add structural integrity and flexibility. The boards become easier to cut and shape during installation thanks to these fibers.
Fiberglass Mesh: This reinforcement material (4-6%) substantially increases tensile strength and impact resistance. The mesh prevents cracking and helps the board stay intact under physical stress or temperature changes.
Phosphate: Though small in quantity (0.1-0.3%), phosphate plays a vital role in the chemical bonding process.
Some manufacturers add vermiculite or non-woven fabric to customize performance characteristics for specific uses.
Manufacturing Process of MgO Panels
MgO board production follows a systematic process that delivers consistent quality and performance. Manufacturers start by preparing raw materials with precise formulations. The quality of components directly shapes the finished product's properties.
The production moves through these steps:
Mixing: Manufacturers combine magnesium oxide, binding agent, and additives in exact ratios to create a uniform paste-like mixture.
Board Formation: The mixture flows into molds or onto production lines where workers add fiberglass mesh and non-woven fabric. The material spreads evenly to create uniform thickness.
Natural Slurry Layout: Making layers and layers within installatioin the glass fiber fabrics to make the panel body and use the thickness accuracruy equipment to control the thickness and sizements. This step determines the board's density and strength.
Initial Curing: Chemical reactions between magnesium oxide and binding agents happen during controlled curing. This process takes several hours and creates the board's initial rigidity.
Demolding: Workers carefully remove the rigid boards from their molds.
Final Curing: The boards cure at room temperature for up to seven days to complete the chemical reactions that give them their mechanical properties.
Drying and Finishing: The process ends with drying the boards to optimal moisture content and cutting them to standard sizes.
Standard Thickness and Surface Types
MgO boards come in thicknesses from 3mm to 40mm to match different needs:
Wall panels use 8mm, 10mm, or 12mm boards
Flooring needs thicker 18mm or 20mm panels
Ceiling installations work best with 5mm or 6mm boards
Specialized tunnel boards can be up to 40mm thick
Most manufacturers produce standard 4' × 8' sheets (1220mm × 2440mm), but custom sizes are available for specific projects.
MgO boards feature these surface options:
Standard finish: A smooth, flat front with a slightly rougher back showing the fiberglass mesh pattern
Sanded finish: A processed back side for smoother texture
Laminated finish: PVC film treatment creates decorative patterns
These finishing choices make MgO boards suitable for various design needs while preserving their core benefits.
Core Properties of Magnesium Oxide Boards
MgO boards are becoming a popular choice in modern construction thanks to their unique performance features. These boards excel in safety, durability, comfort, and structural integrity across a wide range of applications.
Fire Resistance: UL 055 and ASTM A+ Ratings
Fire resistance stands out as the most impressive feature of magnesium oxide boards. These boards earn an A1 fire rating through rigorous testing. They can handle temperatures above 750°C (1,382°F) for more than 30 minutes without changing color. High-quality MgO boards can withstand temperatures up to 1200°C (2192°F) while remaining structurally sound.
The boards score a perfect 0/0 on the ASTM E84/UL 723 Flame Spread and Smoke Developed Index. This means they don't spread flames or create dangerous smoke during fires, which gives crucial protection in emergencies.
The boards also release about 30 pounds of water vapor during fires. This helps cool and contain fires, acting like a built-in fire suppression system. They can resist fire for up to four hours - a significant advantage, as it means they last significantly longer than regular gypsum boards, which typically last only one hour.
Moisture and Mold Resistance in Humid Environments
MgO boards stay stable even when wet. They don't curl, swell, or rot, making them ideal for humid spaces. You'll find them in bathrooms, kitchens, and basements, where water exposure is often a common occurrence.
These boards naturally resist mold, mildew, and fungus due to their inorganic composition. Their surface absorbs just 0.34% moisture compared to drywall's 3%, so they stay strong even with direct water contact. This helps keep indoor air healthy by stopping microbial growth.
Thermal and Sound Insulation Capabilities
The thermal insulation properties of MgO boards help maintain stable indoor temperatures. Buildings need less heating and cooling equipment, which cuts energy costs. This makes them ideal for eco-friendly construction projects that require meeting modern energy standards.
Sound control is another strong point. A 6mm MgO board blocks about 29dB of noise. The boards' weight and density create excellent sound barriers. Recording studios, libraries, apartment buildings, and city homes benefit from these sound-blocking features.
Impact Strength and Dimensional Stability
MgO boards can take a beating. With an impact strength of over 5 kJ/m², they resist cracks, impacts, and daily wear. They keep their shape even under slight bending without warping or swelling.
These boards stay stable in different environments. Unlike wood products, they don't change shape when they get wet. They resist physical and biological breakdown better than traditional materials.
The boards withstand temperature changes, high humidity, and freezing conditions while remaining strong, which is why builders prefer them for homes and commercial projects. Since they're inorganic, pests like termites and wood-boring insects can't damage them.
Indoor Applications of MgO Boards
MgO boards have many uses in residential and commercial interiors. These versatile boards work great for walls, ceilings, and floors. They solve common building problems while delivering excellent performance and safety.
Interior Wall Panels in Residential Buildings
MgO boards make excellent interior wall panels in homes because they are durable and promote better indoor air quality. These panels resist fire, mold, fungus, insects, mildew, water, and termites. You'll find them perfect for bathrooms and kitchens where moisture levels run high. Fire safety tests show they don't spread flames and produce very little smoke during ASTM E84 testing.
You can easily install MgO interior wall panels. They snap after scoring, take well to sawing and drilling, and attach to wood or steel frames. This makes installation quick in any interior setup. The panels also work with paint, wallpaper, and tiles. Homeowners enjoy design freedom without compromising quality.
In homes, MgO boards are most effective as non-load-bearing interior walls. They resist impacts well, which helps homes last longer. With a material strength of 13.36 MPa, these panels don't bend or change shape under everyday household stress. The panels also release almost no toxic gases, resulting in improved air quality compared to traditional materials.
Ceiling Boards for Grid and Solid Ceilings
MgO ceiling boards come in two types: grid and solid. Grid ceiling systems offer these benefits:
Lightweight for easy handling
Good looks and aesthetics
Quick installation and upkeep
Offices, schools, and theaters often use these boards. They keep their shape over time and don't sag or warp like other ceiling materials.
Solid ceiling setups join MgO panels together, rather than installing them separately. This creates a smooth appearance that complements minimalist designs well. Most installers choose thinner 5mm or 6mm boards for ceilings. These lighter options still maintain their strength.
Commercial buildings benefit from the fire resistance of MgO ceiling boards. The boards meet UL 055 and ASTM A+ standards, helping buildings pass fire codes without extra treatments.
Subflooring and Underlayment for Tile and Laminate
MgO boards excel as subflooring and underlayment materials. They handle moisture well, creating a solid base for tile, laminate, and hardwood floors. The 3/4" (19mm) thick subflooring panels support a total load of 320 psf (15.3 kPa) with joists 24" apart.
These boards beat traditional underlayment materials. You won't need gypsum underlayment, and installation goes 30% faster. The boards come ready to use with no drying time required.
Bathrooms and kitchens benefit most from these panels. Moisture often migrates to walls in these spaces, but MgO boards remain strong even after prolonged exposure. They also help reduce heating costs by regulating the temperature more effectively.
Unlike wood subflooring, MgO panels keep their shape as seasons change. They vary by less than 0.1% in size when relative humidity jumps from 50% to 90%. This stability keeps floors level and secure throughout the year.
Outdoor Applications in MGO Construction
MgO boards are incredibly durable, making them perfect for demanding exterior applications where other materials often fail. These construction materials show excellent performance when exposed to the elements. They improve building longevity and structural integrity in outdoor settings.
Exterior Cladding for Weather Resistance
MgO boards function effectively as exterior sheathing panels, providing a smooth and robust base for various cladding materials. These panels stay stable even when wet, without warping or swelling during wet-dry cycles. Tests show MgO sheathing loses almost no flexural strength after 25 wet-dry cycles. This is a significant development, as it means OSB loses 40% of its strength, plywood 9%, and gypsum between 36% and 52%.
The structural benefits of MgO exterior sheathing are particularly notable. These boards offer unmatched cladding support, with shear strength exceeding 280 psf, reaching up to 350 psf in certain products. A single #10-13 pancake head screw in MgO sheathing exhibits withdrawal strength exceeding 155 lbs, significantly surpassing the typical 32 lbs requirement.
This strength lets you attach many cladding materials directly without fastening to the underlying studs:
Aluminum Composite Materials (ACMs)
Metal Composite Materials (MCMs)
Terra cotta panels
Thin brick veneers
Phenolic panels
Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC)
Fiber cement boards
MgO exterior sheathing works best when paired with a quality water-resistive barrier that is sealed at the joints. This combination keeps the sheathing protected from elements for months during construction without any damage.
Roof Sheathing with High Fire Tolerance
Roof structures face harsh conditions, and MgO boards shine in roof sheathing applications. Their fire resistance earns them non-combustible status (A1 fire rating), stopping flames from spreading during emergencies. This feature becomes vital for buildings in wildfire zones or those needing strict fire code compliance.
MgO roof sheathing stays strong under various environmental challenges. The panels resist freeze-thaw cycles that usually destroy traditional materials. While gypsum crumbles in these conditions, MgO boards retain their shape and strength. They also prevent common moisture issues, such as warping and swelling, that affect wood-based roof sheathing.
MgO roof sheathing panels also contribute to improved building energy efficiency. The combination of fire protection and thermal benefits makes them economical despite higher original costs compared to standard materials.
Soffits and Fascias for Structural Finishing
Soffits and fascias are exposed exterior elements that need to look good while battling the weather. MgO boards excel in this regard through their combination of durability and finishing options. They resist moisture, mold, and insects that often damage traditional soffit and fascia materials.
MgO boards handle the tough spots between indoor and outdoor areas when used for exterior trim. They stay stable despite temperature and humidity changes, keeping their appearance without warping or bulging.
Manufacturers suggest using proper exterior primers and 100% acrylic latex exterior paints on MgO fascia and soffit installations. This finish provides UV protection and weather resistance, allowing the board to manage moisture naturally.
MgO boards last longer in exterior finishing applications and require less maintenance, which extends the aesthetic life of the building exteriors. Their ability to work with various finishing materials and natural durability makes them popular for soffit and fascia projects in both residential and commercial buildings.
Specialized Use Cases in Commercial Projects
Commercial projects require specialized building materials that meet stringent performance standards, exceeding the basic construction needs. MgO boards excel in these challenging environments, providing solutions where regular materials often fall short.
Fireproof Partitions in Hospitals and Schools
MgO boards create excellent fire-resistant partitions for healthcare and educational facilities. These panels play a vital role in hospitals by preventing the spread of fire and protecting vulnerable patients. Quality MgO boards maintain their structural integrity at temperatures above 1200°C (2192°F) without releasing toxic fumes. This remarkable heat resistance makes them vital safety components in both clinical and educational settings.
MgO partitions in hospitals create fire barriers that last up to four hours—a significant advantage, as they outperform gypsum's typical one-hour rating. Occupants get valuable extra minutes to evacuate during emergencies. These panels help contain flames by releasing water vapor when exposed to high heat.
School buildings get the same safety benefits. MgO partition walls protect areas with high concentrations of vulnerable people. Children and elderly individuals benefit from the non-toxic composition of these boards. The zero flame spread rating and non-combustible nature make these boards ideal for high-traffic areas that require compliance with strict fire codes.
Soundproofing in Studios and Libraries
MgO boards' acoustic properties make them perfect for noise-sensitive spaces. Lab tests show that 9mm magnesium oxide boards installed on both sides of a partition with a 75mm keel and 50mm rock wool can block noise above 42dB. Even 6mm boards block 29dB of sound, offering options that cater to space limits and acoustic needs.
Recording studios benefit from these boards' sound absorption capabilities. The panels' dense composition dampens sound waves, preventing them from passing through the structures. This creates the isolated environments needed for high-quality audio production. Libraries require quiet spaces for concentration, and MgO partitions offer this acoustic isolation while maintaining fire safety standards.
MgO soundproof boards show clear advantages over traditional materials:
They absorb and dampen sound waves better than standard drywall
Their uniform core reduces echoes and vibrations in interior spaces
Direct comparisons show they perform better at reducing sound transmission between rooms
The wall and board must be tightly combined and sealed for optimal sound insulation, with mineral wool filling any empty wall cavities. Using two boards of different thicknesses on opposite sides of the keel creates better sound insulation.
Furniture Backing and Modular Construction
MgO boards have become valuable in specialized furniture applications and modular construction systems. These versatile boards replace wooden plywood in furniture manufacturing, including dado skirts, doors, windows, panels, and cabinet components. The boards' resistance to moisture, mold, and insect damage makes them ideal for furniture in challenging environments.
Modular construction benefits from MgO boards in several ways. Their lightweight yet durable nature makes transportation and installation easier while maintaining structural integrity. The boards work well with both prefabricated panels and on-site construction. This flexibility makes them perfect for quick deployment in commercial projects.
MgO boards' thermal properties extend beyond simple insulation, improving a building's energy rating and marketability. Their dense composition reduces noise transmission, making buildings more attractive to potential occupants. These boards' fire-resistant properties can lower insurance premiums, offering economic benefits alongside safety advantages.
Warehouse environments showcase another specialized use case. MgO panels protect equipment and inventory from fire and water damage in these settings. They meet strict safety regulations and create safer commercial spaces while reducing long-term maintenance costs.
Environmental and Health Benefits of MgO Boards
MgO boards differ from regular building materials due to their eco-friendly features and health benefits. The construction industry is moving toward sustainability, and MgO boards offer more than just structural advantages.
Low VOC and Non-toxic Composition
MgO boards set new standards due to their healthy chemical composition. These panels are made from natural minerals and don't contain ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, silica, or asbestos. People can safely use them even in enclosed spaces.
These boards are ideal for improving indoor air quality, as they release no volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Regular building materials slowly release harmful chemicals, which can worsen indoor air quality over time. MgO boards help create healthier indoor spaces by eliminating these airborne toxins.
People with breathing problems or chemical allergies will find MgO boards a perfect choice. The non-toxic makeup creates spaces without the usual irritants found in standard materials. Workers stay safer too, as they are not exposed to the hazardous substances commonly found in other construction products.
Carbon Capture During the Curing Process
The environmental impact of MgO boards during manufacturing is one of their best features. The curing process captures carbon dioxide instead of releasing it. This means using MgO boards in construction helps fight climate change.
Making these boards takes nowhere near as much energy as traditional materials. The entire process occurs at room temperature, which saves energy compared to cement products that require hot kilns. Each ton of magnesium oxide produces just 340 kg of COâ‚‚, while gypsum generates 740 kilograms.
Recyclability and Biodegradability
MgO boards continue to help the environment even after their primary use. Large pieces can find new life in other construction projects, especially when smaller panels are required. Additionally, these boards serve as a ground-up filler in new construction materials or cement mixes.
The boards are "clean and nutritional waste", which is pretty impressive. When they break down, they create magnesium compounds that feed the soil rather than harm it. This means that MgO board waste won't harm the environment, regardless of how it's disposed of.
The manufacturing process is innovative too. Factory scraps are ground up and reused immediately. This creates a loop that wastes very little and supports eco-friendly building practices that are the foundations of the circular economy.
Comparison with Traditional Building Materials
The evaluation of construction options makes comparing MgO boards with traditional materials a vital part of the decision-making process. This analysis demonstrates why magnesium oxide boards outperform conventional alternatives in key areas.
MgO vs Drywall: Moisture and Fire Resistance
MgO boards handle moisture better with surface absorption rates of just 0.34% while gypsum drywall reaches nearly 3%. This fundamental difference explains why magnesium oxide boards remain structurally sound after exposure to water. Drywall breaks down faster. Quality MgO boards absorb less than 10% water after two hours in standardized immersion tests. Traditional materials absorb more than 20%.
The fire safety comparison reveals significant differences. MgO boards can withstand fire conditions for up to 4 hours. Drywall only manages 1 hour. Standard gypsum contains 21% crystalline water that briefly protects against flames. Lab tests show gypsum boards turn to powder at 400°C within 20-30 minutes and lose all structural strength. MgO boards stay strong even at temperatures of 1,472°F (800°C).
MgO vs Fiber Cement: Weight and Durability
MgO boards are 20-30% lighter than cement-based options, such as fiber cement. This makes transportation easier and cuts down installation costs. Notwithstanding that, MgO boards are exceptionally durable and better handle impacts and moisture.
Both materials withstand the weather well, but MgO boards flex better. Fiber cement is often prone to cracking due to high impact. MgO boards absorb these impacts more effectively. There's another reason to note: MgO boards expand more during wet-dry cycles. This means that installation requires proper frame positioning and sufficient fasteners.
Cost vs Performance Trade-offs
MgO boards cost $1.50-$ 3.50 per square foot. Gypsum costs USD 0.30-0.70, and OSB runs USD 0.50-1.00. Although the original investment may be higher, the long-term benefits are substantial. Buildings with magnesium oxide boards often pay lower insurance premiums because they resist fire better.
The financial picture goes beyond the purchase price. MgO boards require minimal maintenance throughout their lifetime. Building costs account for only 10-20% of lifetime expenses. Maintenance and operations take up 80-90%. This makes MgO boards budget-friendly through fewer repairs, less mold cleanup, and reduced replacement needs in high-traffic or damp areas.
Installation and Handling Guidelines
The way you install and handle MgO boards will impact their performance and longevity. You'll get the best results by following the manufacturer's guidelines from storage to finishing.
Cutting and Fastening Techniques
A thin carbide circular saw creates clean cuts on MgO boards, providing precise edges while extending the life of your blade. Start by measuring and marking your cutting line with a T-square. Use a dust-reducing saw or work in well-ventilated areas with proper safety gear to minimize dust exposure. Thinner boards (8mm or less) can be scored deeply with a utility knife and snapped along the scored line.
MgO panels need corrosion-resistant fasteners. Drywall screws that come with stainless steel or phosphoric coating work well, especially those with self-countersinking heads. Your fasteners should be at least 4" from corners. Space perimeter fasteners 6" apart and center fasteners 12" apart. Start fastening from one side and move across to avoid putting stress on the board.
Storage and Adjusting Before Use
MgO boards need proper storage despite their moisture resistance. These panels should stay in a cool, dry indoor space. Stack them flat on dunnage or loose wood, never on the ground. Avoid stacking other materials on top, as this can cause bowing. Protect the edges and corners by carrying boards on their side.
Remove the packaging and allow the boards to adjust to room temperature and humidity for 48 hours before installation. The boards should ideally be adjusted in the installation space to match the planned room conditions.
Finishing Options: Paint, Tile, Wallpaper
MgO boards work well with various finishing materials, including paint, stucco, wallpaper, plaster, stone, and tile. Note that MgO boards are alkaline, so you'll need a primer that suits concrete or masonry surfaces. Most high-quality paints adhere well after priming, particularly those that chemically bond with cement-based products.
A textured finish needs plastering techniques. Apply suitable plaster evenly with a trowel and smooth it out completely. Let it dry thoroughly, then sand between coats to get refined results.
Conclusion
MgO boards represent a significant breakthrough in construction materials, offering exceptional durability and versatility in various applications. In this piece, we explored how these innovative panels work well in both homes and commercial buildings. Their impressive fire resistance can withstand temperatures up to 1200°C without any structural damage. This makes them a vital choice for safety-critical environments, such as hospitals and schools.
These boards' moisture and mold resistance capabilities outperform traditional materials. MgO panels stay intact even after prolonged exposure to water, unlike standard drywall. This makes them perfect for bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor use. Their ability to withstand environmental challenges helps them last longer and cuts down maintenance costs.
The environmental advantages set MgO boards apart from other options. They offer non-toxic makeup that creates healthier indoor spaces, free from VOCs and harmful chemicals. The manufacturing process captures carbon and helps combat climate change, rather than contributing to the construction's carbon footprint.
MgO boards cost more upfront than traditional materials but provide excellent long-term value. They need less maintenance, reduce insurance costs, and last longer. The benefits of fire safety, moisture handling, and structural strength are often worth the initial investment.
Professional installation is crucial for achieving optimal performance from MgO boards. Contractors need to cut, fasten, store, and finish these materials correctly to unlock their full potential throughout a building's lifespan. As builders embrace environmentally responsible solutions, MgO boards will undoubtedly become more common in modern construction projects.